C types declarations are not exported. I don't think there are any risks involved as the types in C should be the same and the only other information that gambit keeps is a tag.
It should be possible to make something to do what you want but as there is no information available (Or readily available) about c-types in the compilation environment, you'll need to use a macro to define your c-types and register that information before calling the special forms.
I did a small straightforward library for that but it is far from complete. It defines a macro c-define-type* that will register the expansion of the type in a table at compile time and fonctions to get the c equivalent of a gambit type. Like I said, nothing fancy but you will probably need to write it and time is precious...